The answer lies in science and chemical processes taking place during reenforcement of the glass. When a glass containing sodium ions (Na+) is submerged in a solution of potassium nitrate, potassium ion (K+), it comes to surface area ion exchange. Na+ ions on the glass surface area change places with K+ ions from the solution. Potassium ions have a larger diameter than sodium ions, which have a higher compression stress at the glass surface area. This reenforces the glass enough to withstand a hit of a hammer without cracking.
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